Overview

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is an acquired thrombocytopenia induced by autoantibodies to platelet antigens. In individuals who do not demonstrate any symptoms, it is considered one of the most common causes of thrombocytopenia ITP has an impact on both kids and adults. While adults frequently experience persistent symptoms, children can recover completely without medical intervention.

Causes

The formation of an autoantibody against a structural platelet antigen typically causes immune thrombocytopenia. These antiplatelet antibodies cause suppression of platelet formation and release from megakaryocytes as well as enhanced platelet destruction, typically in the spleen Viral antigens may cause the autoantibody to develop in children with ITP. Adult triggers are unknown. Women are generally more than twice as likely to develop it compared to men.

Symptoms

Even though immune thrombocytopenia is frequently asymptomatic and is only detected by a low platelet count on a regular assay when it does manifest, the symptoms and indicators are,

• Petechiae either purpura or ecchymoses 

• Bleeding from the mucosa

• Increased bleeding during menstruation

• Hematuria and gross gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding are less frequent.                                                                                                        

All other cases of spleen enlargement due to autoimmune hemolytic anemia or concomitant viral infection are rare. A higher risk of thrombosis is linked to ITP, just like it is to the other conditions that cause greater platelet breakdown.

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