Overview

The condition commonly referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease is an upper gastrointestinal tract illness. Acid refluxes from the stomach back up into the esophagus in GERD. You may be identified with  GERD if you have acid reflux that is persistent and happens more than twice a week. An issue with the esophageal sphincter, a muscle at the base of the esophagus, is what causes acid reflux. 

The muscle normally relaxes to allow liquids and food to enter the stomach before contracting again. The partially opened aperture can allow stomach acid to seep back up when the muscle fails to seal properly. The regurgitated liquid usually contains stomach acid and pepsin (a protein digestive enzyme ). Bile that has backed up into the stomach from the duodenum may also be present in the refluxed liquid. The acid in the refluxed liquid is thought to be the most harmful component. Long-term frequent regurgitation can cause acid to erode the esophageal lining, leading to issues like sores in the esophagus called peptic ulcers or even precancerous alterations in the esophagus called Barrett's esophagus.

Causes

Reversible reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus can occur when this ring of muscle fails to close completely. The following are risk factors for reflux: Alcohol consumption (possibly) 

• A hiatus hernia (a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm a muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities) 

• Obesity 

• Pregnancy 

• Sedentary lifestyle 

• Unhealthy eating 

• Scleroderma 

• Anxiety 

• Stress 

• Using tobacco or smoking  

• Lying down within three hours of eating                       

• Heavy exercise or weight-lifting

Symptoms

Common symptoms of GERD include: 

• Feeling that food is stuck behind the breastbone Heartburn or a burning pain in the chest 

• Nausea after eating  

• Bringing food back up (regurgitation) 

• Cough or wheezing 

• Difficulty swallowing 

• Excess Salivation 

• Hiccups 

• Hoarseness or change in voice 

• Sore throat 

• Symptoms may get worse when you bend over or lie down or after you eat. 

• The worst of the symptoms may present with blood in stools, coughing, and respiratory complaints.

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