Overview

Your circulatory system pumps oxygenated blood throughout your body, which is necessary for your tissues and organs to survive and operate correctly. Blood is forced through a web of tube-shaped blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, by the force generated by the heartbeat. Blood pressure is the consequence of two forces. The first force (systolic pressure) is produced as blood pumps from the heart into the circulatory system's arteries. 

As the heart relaxes in between heartbeats, the second force—diastolic pressure—is produced. A blood pressure reading uses numbers to represent each of these two forces. Normal pressure is 120/80 or lower. When a blood pressure measurement equals or exceeds 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), it is considered high blood pressure, or hypertension. A high blood pressure diagnosis is often made by averaging two or more readings obtained at different times.

Causes

The following are a few factors that can raise blood pressure,

• Genetic components 

• Obesity

• Inactivity

• A diet high in salt 

• Excessive drinking

• Kidney problems

The following factors aggravate the artery-damaging effects of high blood pressure 

• Smoking cigarettes

• Diets high in saturated fat  

• High blood cholesterol 

• Diabetes. 

Although there is still uncertainty in science regarding this, reactions to specific stressors may influence alterations in the arteries as well as blood pressure.

Symptoms

It is essential to routinely check blood pressure. Rarely, and in extreme situations, high blood pressure can lead to,

• Perspiration  

• Nervousness 

• Problems with sleeping 

• Blushing 

But the majority of hypertensive individuals do not show many symptoms. A hypertensive crisis arising due to elevated blood pressure can cause headaches and nosebleeds. If left unchecked, hypertension can harm the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and other organs. Prolonged hypertension can lead to difficulties due to atherosclerosis, a condition in which blood vessel walls thin due to the accumulation of plaque. It is essential to routinely check blood pressure.

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